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Abstract
Aim is to study the effect of nicotinamide on the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism in the brain and their departments against background of experimental diabetes. Materials and methods. Type 1 diabetes in rats was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin, nicotinamide was administered to animals at a dose of 100 mg/kg in 6 weeks for 2 weeks. Glycemia, activity of the enzymes of the polyol glucose metabolism pathway and the content of sorbitol and fructose in the rat brain were determined. Results. On the background of hyperglycemia, sorbitol, an intermediate product of the polyol route of glucose metabolism, is accumulates in all parts of the brain. The sorbitol accumulation in certain parts of the brain of diabetic rats leads to its increased content in whole-grain brain up to 1.7 times compared with the control. A two-week administration of nicotinamide to diabetic rats led to a decrease in the sorbitol content in the brain by 64.5%. Sorbitol accumulation in the brain in diabetes is the result of increased activity of a key enzyme of polyol way of glucose metabolism — aldose reductase. The nicotinamide administration reduced aldose reductase activity, practically without effect on the sorbitoldehydrogenase activity
and the fructose reduction. That is, the chronic administration of nicotinamide was accompanied by a partial normalization of the polyol pathway function of glucose metabolism
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