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Abstract
The purpose — to study the indicators of apoptosis and proliferative activity in thyroid tissue (thyroid gland) in patients with nodular goiter on the background of autoimmune thyroiditis (NGAIT) and thyroid adenoma (TA) compared with morphologically unchanged tissue, calculating the number of counts. Material and methods. Conducted a comparative analysis of the processes of apoptosis and proliferation in thyroid tissue in patients with NGAIT and TA and in morphologically unchanged thyroid tissue by investigating the expression / density of markers Fas/FasL, Bcl‑2, p53 and Ki‑67 on thyrocytes in sections of lymphoid and their lymphoid infiltration, as well as in morphologically unchanged areas of thyroid tissue (control). The number of immunoreactive cells expressing these markers was calculated using the immunohistochemical method taking into account the BCL‑2 (rs17759659), CTLA‑4 (rs231775) and APO‑1/Fas (rs2234767) gene polymorphisms. Results. It was found that patients NGAIT and TA activated a few links of programmable several parts are
activated programmed thyroid cell killing advantage of Fas-induced apoptosis, which is associated with the promoter of the gene BCL‑2 (rs17759659) (F=25,33; p<0,001) and almost 6 times weaker promoter gene CTLA‑4 (rs231775) (F=4.23, p=0.017), through expression of Fas and FasL on the surface of cells in areas of lymphoid infiltration and destruction of thyroid cells (stronger in carriers of GG genotype of BCL‑2 gene — by 18.54% 36,18%, respectively), indicating that the
initiation of the external paths of apoptosis through the activation of caspase mechanism (effector caspase 8).
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