Keywords
clinical and morphological registry
incidence rate
thyroid cancer
papillary thyroid carcinoma
Ki67 labeling index
BRAFV600E mutation
How to Cite
Abstract
Abstract. The paper provides an overview of the main results obtained from the completed in 2024 research project.
The aim of study was to continue monitoring the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) in children and adolescents of Ukraine affected by the Chornobyl accident, and to determine the possibility of associations between proliferative activity, tumor’s invasive properties, the presence
of BRAFV600E mutation and the development of disease recurrence in radiogenic and sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
Material and methods. The work used data from the Ukrainian National Cancer Registry (UNCR), Clinical and Morphological registry
(CMR) and the Chornobyl Tissue Bank (CTB) database; epidemiological, histological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and statistical methods
were applied.
Results. The analytical database included 22,966 subjects. The dynamics of the incidence among the exposed population was characterized by upward time trends during the post-Chornobyl period. A significant difference has been determined between the regions of Ukraine most and least affected by the Chornobyl accident, which in 2021 was 1.9 times. When studying the histopathological characteristics of PTC with an increase in Ki67 labeling index (Ki67 LI), it was determined that, regardless of the etiology, BRAFV600E-positive PTCs were characterized by a higher Ki67 LI compared to BRAFV600Enegative ones. In radiogenic BRAFV600E-negative PTCs, an increase in Ki67 LI was associated with the risk of developing recurrent metastases.
Conclusions. Analysis of the TC incidence among children and adolescents affected by the Chornobyl accident in Ukraine should be limited to the period from 1986 to 2021. In radiogenic PTCs, in contrast to sporadic ones, an increase in Ki67 LI is associated with a worse postoperative prognosis, namely with an increase in the probability of developing recurrent metastases, which is associated exclusively with the BRAFV600E-negative tumors’ status.
References
Tronko M, Bogdanova T, Saenko V, Thomas GA, Likhtarov I, Yamashita S. (eds). Thyroid cancer pathology in Ukraine after Chernobyl. Dosimetry, epidemiology, pathology, molecular biology. NASHIM: IN-TEX, Nagasaki, Japan; 2014. 175 p.
Тронько МД, Богданова ТІ, Шпак ВМ, Гуляль ЛО, Замотаєва ГА, Терехова ГМ. Рак щитоподібної залози у опромінених в дитячому віці та внутрішньоутробно. В: Базика ДА, Тронько МД, Антипкін ЮГ, Сушко ВО. (ред.). Тридцять п’ять років Чорнобильської катастрофи: радіологічні та медичні наслідки, стратегії захисту та відродження: Національна доповідь України. Київ; 2021. 52-8 (Tronko MD, Bogdanova ТІ, Shpak VM, Gulal LO, Zamotaeva GA, Terekhova GM. Thyroid cancer in those irradiated in childhood and in utero. In: Bazika DA, Tronko MD, Antipkin YuH, Sushko VO. (eds). Thirty-five years of the Chornobyl accident: radiological and medical consequences, protection and recovery strategies: National report of Ukraine. Kyiv; 2021. pp. 52-8). In Ukrainian.
Bogdanova T, Zurnadzhy L, LiVolsi VA, Williams ED, Ito M, Nakashima M, et al. Thyroid cancer pathology in Ukraine after Chernobyl. In: Tronko M, Bogdanova T, Saenko V, Thomas GA, Likhtarov I, Yamashita S. (eds). Thyroid cancer pathology in Ukraine after Chernobyl. Dosimetry, epidemiology, pathology, molecular biology. NASHIM: IN-TEX, Nagasaki, Japan; 2014. pp. 65-108.
Bogdanova T, Saenko V, Shpak V, Zurnadzhy L, Voskoboynyk L, Dekhtyarova T, et al. Long-term analysis of the incidence and histopathology of thyroid cancer in Ukraine in adult patients who were children and adolescents at the time of the Chernobyl accident. In: Yamashita S, Thomas G. (eds). Thyroid cancer and nuclear accidents – long term after effects of Chernobyl and Fukushima. Elsevier, Amsterdam; 2017. pp. 67-76.
Bogdanova T, Saenko V, Zurnadzhy L, Likhtarov I, Kovgan L, Masiuk S et al. Comparative pathological analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma in age-matched groups of patients born before and after Chernobyl. In: Tronko M, Bogdanova T, Saenko V, Thomas GA, Likhtarov I, Yamashita S. (eds). Thyroid cancer pathology in Ukraine after Chernobyl. Dosimetry, epidemiology, pathology, molecular biology. NASHIM: IN-TEX, Nagasaki, Japan; 2014. pp. 109-35.
Bogdanova TI, Saenko VO, Brenner AV, Zurnadzhy LYu, Rogounovitch TI, Likhtarov IA, et al. Comparative histopathologic analysis of «radiogenic» and «sporadic» papillary thyroid carcinoma: patients born before and after the Chernobyl accident. Thyroid. 2018 Jul;28(7):880-90. doi: 10.1089/thy.2017.0594.
Bogdanova TI, Saenko VA, Zurnadzhy LYu, Rogounovitch TI, Ito M, Chernyshov SV, et al. Chapter 70. Pathology of radiationinduced thyroid cancer: lessons from Chernobyl thyroid cancer study. In: Kakudo K. (ed). Thyroid FNA ndytology. Differential diagnoses and pitfalls, 2nd edition. Singapore: Springer, 2019. pp. 549-64. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-1897-9.
Bogdanova TI, Saenko VA, Hashimoto Y, Hirokawa M, Zurnadzhy LY, Hayashi T, et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma in Ukraine after Chernobyl and in Japan after Fukushima: different histopathological scenarios. Thyroid. 2021 Sep;31(9):1322-34. doi: 10.1089/thy.2020.0308.
Morton LM, Karyadi DM, Stewart C, Bogdanova TI, Dawson ET, Steinberg MK, et al. Radiation related genomic profile of papillary thyroid carcinoma after the Chernobyl accident. Science. 2021 May 14;372(6543):eabg 2538. doi: 10.1126/science.abg2538.
Morton LM, Lee OW, Karyadi DM, Bogdanova TI, Stewart C, Hartley SW, et al. Genomic characterization of cervical lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma following the Chornobyl accident. Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 13;15(1):5053. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49292-z.
Zurnadzhy L, Bogdanova T, Rogounovitch TI, Ito M, Tronko M, Yamashita S, et al. The BRAFV600E mutation is not a risk factor for more aggressive tumor behavior in radiogenic and sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma at a young age. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Nov 30;13(23):6038. doi: 10.3390/cancers13236038.
Zurnadzhy L, Bogdanova T, Rogounovitch TI, Ito M, Tronko M, Yamashita S, et al. Clinicopathological implications of the BRAFV600E mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma of Ukrainian patients exposed to the Chernobyl radiation in childhood: a study for 30 years after the accident. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Apr 26;9:882727. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.882727.
Thomas GA, Williams ED, Becker DV, Bogdanova TI, Demidchik EP, Lushnikov, E et al. Chernobyl tumor bank. Thyroid. 2000 Dec;10(12):1126-7. doi: 10.1089/thy.2000.10.1126a.
Thomas GA. The Chernobyl Tissue Bank: integrating research on radiation-induced thyroid cancer. J Radiol Prot. 2012 Mar;32(1):N77-80. doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/32/1/N77.
Lloyd RV, Osamura RY, Kloppel G, Rosai J. (eds). WHO classification of tumours of endocrine organs: 4th edition. Lyon: IARC Press;20 17. 355 p.