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Abstract
Abstract. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and others. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with T2D across different age groups and their relationship with the risk of developing cardiovascular complications. Material and methods. The study examined 263 patients with T2D aged between 30 and 80 years. All examined patients underwent anthropometric measurements, blood pressure assessment, and determination of glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Comparisons were made between patient groups of different ages and durations of T2D using the Student's t-test and Pearson's chisquared test. Results. The average fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and C-peptide levels were significantly higher than normal but did not differ significantly in T2D patients of different age groups as well as with different disease durations. This indicates the same severity of T2D in patients of different age groups. Among the lipid metabolism indicators, only the triglyceride level in the blood exceeds the norm in both age groups, as well as with different disease durations. The total cholesterol level was lower in T2D patients aged 60 years and older, that is due to taking statins by elderly patients. The frequency of coronary heart disease (CHD) (odds ratio (OR)=3.46; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99-6.02; p<0.0001), myocardial infarction (OR=3.58; 95% CI 1.78-7.23; p=0.0004), heart failure (OR=5.5; 95% CI 2.66-11.12; p<0.0001), and stroke (OR=3.96; 95% CI 1.11-14.07; p=0.03) was significantly higher in the older age group. The frequency of CHD (OR=1.8; 95% CI 1.04-3.20; p=0.037), myocardial infarction (OR=2.22; 95% CI 1.20-4.09; p=0.011), and heart failure (OR=2.97; 95% CI 1.62-5.45; p<0.0004) was significantly higher in patients with a disease duration of 10 years or more. Conclusion. The analysis of our data showed that the development of T2D complications depends on the patient's age and the duration of diabetes, which are independent predictors of the development of T2D complications.
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