Elemental support of the population of Ukraine and its importance in thyroid pathology

Abstract

The review article discusses the main problems of elemental provision of the population with thyroid pathology. The results of research over the past 3 years, which were carried out by employees of the Department of Epidemiology of Endocrine Diseases on the study of the function of the thyroid gland and essential elements in the blood in the event of a violation of thyroid function, are presented, as well as developments in the creation of bio-additives to normalize the content of elements in the body. The lack of essential elements in the nutrition of the population is a global problem. In the study carried out throughout the territory of Ukraine, according to the World Health Organization project, it was established that the population had insufficient iodine supply, the median iodine excretion was 75.17 μg/L, the deficiency of iodine consumption was confirmed, and the total daily excretion, the median of which was 113.9 μg/day Considered studies of the level of elements in patients with nodular goiter. Insufficient intake of iodine in the body among residents of the northern region of Ukraine was established. A decrease in the content of iron, copper, zinc and selenium in blood serum was observed in nodular pathology of the thyroid gland, which significantly increased the risk of nodular goiter. In autoimmune thyroid disease, an increased level of antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroxine peroxidase is registered. In our study, even with latent immune thyroiditis, in addition to the increased level of antibodies, the examined patients with autoimmune thyroiditis had a reduced content of magnesium, zinc, and copper. Studies in newly diagnosed diffuse toxic goiter of moderate severity, Graves’ disease (GD), are also considered. With GD, a reduced level of selenium in the blood was observed, which correlated with a significantly increased titer of antibodies to the thyroidstimulating hormone receptor. To study the provision of vitamin D patients with moderate GD and healthy individuals without thyroid pathology were selected. According to the international classification of GD, 20% of patients had an obvious deficiency of vitamin D, 50% had a deficiency, 28.85% had an inadequate supply, and only 1% had a normal supply. In the control group, mostly inadequate and normal provision was observed. In GD, there was an inverse relationship to serum thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody levels depending on age. In order to study the dependence of GD on the supply of vitamin D in patients with newly discovered disease of moderate severity, vitamin D was prescribed along with the main treatment with tyrosol. Convincing data were obtained about the positive effect of vitamin D on autoimmune indicators, thyroid function and the need to include it in the treatment regimen of GD. Effective and convenient means for the prevention and treatment of iodine, selenium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc deficiency were
created for a wide range of the population and patients with thyroid pathology. The offered tablets can be used as an independent biologically active supplement, or as a carrier of other microelements/macroelements with vitamins.