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Abstract
The article describes a modern view on the role of iodine and selenium deficiency in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases, in particular its goiter transformation and autoimmune thyropathies. There is a correlation between the severity of pathological changes with the degree of iodine deficiency. Endemic goiter is the most common pathology of the thyroid gland, which occurs in areas of low iodine consumption (less than 50-60 μg/day), and 25-30% of the population has this or that thyroid pathology. The second most common pathology of the thyroid gland is nodular goiter, the frequency of which in endemic regions of the goiter reaches 50-70% of all thyroid diseases. The combined deficiency of iodine and selenium exacerbates the problem of iodine
deficiency, leads to an increase in the frequency of hypertrophic and hyperplastic processes in the thyroid gland and autoimmune thyropathies. The aim of the study was to determine the content of iodine and selenium in patients with benign thyroid pathology. Material and methods. There were studied 81 patients, aged 19 to 69 years, who underwent ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland, the level of urine iodine excretion was determined by cerium-arsenic method in the J.T. Dunn et al. modification and the serum selenium level — by spectrofluorimetric method. Results. In 43.6% of patients with various types of goiter transformation, colloid proliferating goiter, autoimmune thyropathies and their combination, a low level of iodine excretion (<100 μg/l) was found; the stable optimal iodine supply (100-150 μg/l) was noted in 38.5% of patients, and 17.9% of patients had a stable high iodine supply (>150 μg/l). Significantly reduced levels of selenium in the blood (<80 μg/l) was in 76.5% of patients, suboptimal (81-100 μg/l) — in 13.6% of patients and optimal (101-120 μg/l) —
only in 9.9% of patients. It is also noted that in patients with nodular pathology of the thyroid gland, autoimmune thyropathies and their combination, the selenium deficiency was recorded in comparison with the control group (ultrasound-unchanged thyroid gland). Conclusion. Therapy with iodine and selenium drugs under the control of their content is justified in the process of longterm monitoring of patients with goiter transformation of thyroid gland and autoimmune thyropathies.
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