Progranulin in Type 2 diabetes patients without chronic renal insufficiency: association with pro-/antiatherogenic factors

Abstract

Progranulin is multifunctional and pluripotent hormone and growth factor associated inter alia with the immune response, and its proteolysis products — peptides of  granulin, play a proinflammatory role. Objective: To identify the links between progranulin levels and wide range of pro-/antiatherogenic factors in patients with type 2  diabetes mellitus (T2D) without chronic renal insufficiency. Methods. The study involved 61 T2D patients (m/f: 34/27) with suboptimal or poor glycemic control, with  overweight or obesity. Control group: 12 healthy age-matched individuals. Parameters of insulin resistance, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation including adypokines were determined. Results. We revealed normal levels of progranulin, which directly correlated with the levels of proatherogenic osteoprotegerin,  fetuin A and retinol binding protein-4 in T2D patients. There was no correlation between progranulin and gluco-/ lipodysmetabolic parameters and chronic  inflammation. Conclusion. The results show a possible dual role for progranulin in conditions of dysmetabolic and proinflammatory state in T2D patients and its low  informativity as an independent marker of cardiovascular risk and metabolic disorders appropriate for T2D.