Characteristics of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism depending on the phenotype of obesity

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome and obesity are manifested by different phenotypes, which often occur under the influence of an unhealthy lifestyle, insufficient physical activity and irrational nutrition. However, at present, the issue of phenotyping obesity based on metabolic manifestations and adipose tissue ratio has not been sufficiently studied. The aim. To establish patterns of anthropometric changes, characteristics of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism depending on the obesity phenotype. Material and methods. On the basis of the Vinnytsya Regional Clinical Highly Specialized Endocrinological Center, 88 people were examined, (25 men and 63 women). The average age of the examined group was 37.42±11.77 years. All patients collected anamnesis using the diabetes risk assessment scale developed by the Finnish Diabetes Association (The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score, FINDRISK), underwent an objective examination, and laboratory determinations of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Based on the received data, a database was created in Excel (Microsoft Office 2007, USA) and in the Statistica 7 software package. Results. All patients were divided into 4 clinical groups, according to 4 obesity phenotypes. It has been proven that even with normal body weight, patients begin to notice metabolic disorders, which may be associated with an increase in waist circumferences and the percentage of visceral fat, while while in obese patients with phenotype III, no changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were recorded. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels did not exceed the reference values, which confirms the presence of metabolically healthy obesity. No significant difference was found when comparing characteristics between the groups of obese and non-obese patients (p>0.05). The strength of the correlation between the percentage of visceral fat and indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism was significantly higher compared to body mass index. Conclusion. The degree of obesity does not have a fundamental effect on the severity of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders, and the progression of changes is based on changes in the percentage of visceral fat.