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Abstract
The prevalence of vitamin D (vit D) defi ciency among the children’s population is increasing every year, in parallel with this, the incidence of various endocrine pathologies in children and adolescents is also increasing. And since the end of the 20th century, an active study of the extraosseous functions of vit D began. Then it was discovered that vit D, namely its active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin, is more like a hormone than classical vitamins in terms of its eff ect on the body. Mediating its eff ect on cells through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), vit D aff ects not only calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, but also the balance of the immune system, the level of certain hormones (parathyroid hormone) and anti-infl ammatory cytokines. Just as the endocrine system as a whole is connected and represents one mechanism, vit D defi ciency can cause certain malfunctions in its links. More and more researches are emerging about the possible triggering eff ect of vit D defi ciency on the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other autoimmune diseases. Studies were conducted which demonstrated the protective eff ect of taking vit D drugs by pregnant women and babies up to a year on the possible development of T1D. There is a study where taking of vitamin D by patients with T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D) improved glycemic index and reduced the likelihood of complications. There are also numerous data on the direct impact of reduced vit D levels on the development of obesity and increased insulin resistance in children and adolescents. At the same time, there are some studies and meta-analyses that did not fi nd the above-mentioned role of vit D in the development of T1D, T2D and obesity among children and adolescents. In the future, more researches are needed to understand the role of vit D in the development of endocrine pathology in children and
adolescents.
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