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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and impaired insulin secretion. DM is accompanied by impaired lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative stress, subclinical inflammation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, micro- and macrovascular complications, including neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and increased mortality. A large number of plants are a rich source of biologically active compounds with specific pharmacological properties, and they do not cause unwanted side effects. The literature presents many medicinal
plants with antidiabetic or hypoglycemic effects. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) contains a large number of compounds with hypoglycemic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects. Beans are used to treat DM, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, obesity, and many types of cancer. It reduces insulin resistance,
inhibits the activity of α-amylase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) enzymes. The bean pods (Phaseoli pericarpium) are a medicinal raw material. In addition to hypoglycemic compounds, such as guanidine derivatives, phaseoloside and chromium salts, the bean pods also contains amino acids, choline, trigonelline, allantoin, flavonoids, pipecolic and traumatic acids, inositol — a sugar phosphatase inhibitor, isoorientin — an antidiabetic agent, myricetin — a lipid peroxidase inhibitor. The use of bean pod extracts significantly reduced the levels of plasma triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins. In addition, the extract showed an antioxidant effect. To increase the therapeutic effectiveness, bean pod extracts are often used for the treatment of DM and its complications in combination with other herbal medicines. The use of drugs of common beans and its pods for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and its complications is a promising strategy in medical practice.
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