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Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis is based on a complex and poorly understood interaction between genetic and environmental trigger factors. There are data on the important role of micro- and macroelements in immune reactions, but their involvement in the pathogenesis of AIT has not been investigated. The aim of the work was to investigate the content of micro- and macroelements at the beginning of the development of autoimmune damage to the thyroid gland. Material and methods. 119 residents of the Northern region of Ukraine were examined: 32 of them with diagnosed latent autoimmune thyroiditis (LAT) (research group) and 87 without thyroid pathology (control group). The latent course of the disease was marked by a high level of titers of antibodies to thyroperoxidase — median ATPO 262.15 [80.03-1630.3] IU/mL, diagnostic changes in the ultrasonographic picture, and the level of TSH and free thyroxine within normal limits. Results. During the study of urinary iodine excretion, the presence of a weak degree of iodine deficiency was established — the median ioduria was 72.5 [41,33-119,6] μg/L in the control group, and 52.6 [42,4-93,7] μg/l in the experimental group. In both groups, the level of iodine supply was reduced. Also, in both groups, the selenium level was significantly reduced: the median selenium level in the blood was 0.05 [0.03-0.07] mg/L in the experimental group and 0.04 [0.03–0.07] mg/L in the control group, respectively. In patients with LAT, a reduced content of macroelements such as calcium (75.8 [64.0-95.1] mg/L) and magnesium (16.7 [14.8-18.8] mg/L, p<0.001) was found, and microelements of zinc (0.6 [0.4-0.9] mg/L) and copper (1.0 [0.8-1.1] mg/L, p<0.01) in serum compared with corresponding indicators in the control group. Conclusions. Iodine deficiency, selenium deficiency, reduced content of macroelements calcium and magnesium, microelements zinc and copper were found in the examined patients with LAT. The value of the statistical measure of
the relationship — the relative risk (OR) of the existing diagnosis of LAT with a reduced content of calcium compared to the control group OR=3.33 (95% CI 1.42-7.83, p<0.001), with a reduced content of magnesium 6.92 (95% CI 2.8-17.14, p<0.001), zinc — 2.79 (95% CI 1.21-6.41, p<0.05).
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