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Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) have been found to be associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and especially oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) are associated with an increased risk of CVD. COVID-19 infection is associated with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications. The aim of the work was to determine the content of ApoA1, ApoB, oxLDL and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in the blood plasma of patients (n=81) with COVID-19, diabetes mellitus (DM) and CVD. Material and methods. ApoA1, ApoB, and oxLDL were determined using ELISA kits (Elabscience, USA). The measurement was carried out at a wavelength of 450 nm. Results. It was shown that the amount of ApoA1 in the blood of diabetic patients and especially those with COVID-19 was significantly lower than in the blood of healthy people. Blood levels of ApoA1 do not show further decline in either COVID-19 patients or those with DM or CVD compared with patients with COVID-19 and without comorbidities. It has been established that the level of ApoB and oxLDL in the blood of patients with DM and especially those with COVID-19 is significantly higher than in the blood of healthy people. Blood levels of ApoB and oxLDL are higher in patients with COVID-19 and diabetes or CVD compared with patients with COVID-19 without comorbidities. The ratio of ApoB/ApoA1 concentrations during COVID-19 infection increased by an order of magnitude compared with diabetic patients, indicating a high risk of cardiovascular
complications. The IRS is a key adapter protein that mediates the action of insulin and insulin-like growth factors in cells. Plasma levels of IRS-1 in patients with COVID-19 were much (from 3.5 to more than 6 times) higher than in healthy controls. The number of IRS-1 in patients with COVID-19 and DM, and DM + CVD is higher than in patients with COVID-19 without comorbidities. In a patient with COVID-19 who died from cardiovascular complications, the level of IRS-1 was 15 times higher than the control. Conclusion. Thus, levels of ApoA1, ApoB, oxLDL, and IRS-1 may be promising markers for the severe course of COVID-19 disease.
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