Pathogenegenetic mechanisms of oncogenesis in diabetes mel litus and analysis of cancer incidence in patients w ith diabetes mellitus in the Precarpathian region

Abstract

The article presents the world data of epidemiological studies on the prevalence of cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The causal relationships and mechanisms of oncogenesis in patients with diabetes mellitus are studied. The role of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, obesity and cytokine imbalance in this category of patients as possible factors for the formation of cancer risk against the background of a syndrome of chronic metabolic stress and immunosuppression is discussed. The results of the epidemiological analysis of oncological diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus in the Carpathian region are presented. The aim of the study was to investigate the spectrum of oncological diseases in patients with diabetes in the Carpathian region, to investigate their age and clinical characteristics, to evaluate the dependence of cancer localization on the compensation of diabetes and BMI. Materials and methods. The archival data of the Carpathian Oncology Center, Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Clinical Hospital and outpatient cards of 386 patients with diabetes mellitus in combination with cancer for 2012-2017 years have been researched and statistically processed. Results. It was found that most often oncological diseases are found in patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 60-70 years, of moderate severity, with a duration of diabetes of 5-10 years. In patients with type 1 diabetes, pancreatic cancer and lymphatic system predominate, and in patients with type 2 diabetes breast cancer, skin, uterus, pancreas, colorectal, prostate, stomach and lungs. The true effect of obesity on the incidence of breast, uterus, prostate and colorectal localization in patients with type 2 diabetes has been established. The state of compensation for diabetes does not affect the localization of the oncological process. Conclusions. Patients with diabetes require special screening and monitoring for the timely detection of cancer of these localizations.