Abstract
The review represents a complex analysis of thyroid disorders mechanisms, involving reactive oxygen species in relation to subcellular distribution of biogenic elements (iodine, copper) with the participation of assign cell targets. Oxidative stress in thyroid gland caused by exogenous or endogenous factors, among them elevated copper accumulation, iodine deficiency as well as its excess amount in non-organification form may lead to various toxic manifestations in thyrocytes, among them lipid peroxidation and proteins carbonylation, DNA strand breaks, caspase- and lysosomal-mediated apoptosis etc. Finally all of these molecular lesions determine of different thyroid diseases progress, cancer included. The review considers a number of issues concerning to how does a tissue defend itself against oxidative stress and beneficial effects of antioxidants in countering the cytotoxicity.
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